Nature of learning: learning as a process and learning as an outcome
Types of learning: factual, associations, conceptual, procedural, generalizations, Principles and rules.
Remembering and Forgetting?Factors of remembering?encoding, storage and retrieval. Information processing approach; Causes of forgetting; Strategies for effective memorization.
Unit II: Factors Influencing Learning:
Concept, nature and types of motivation?intrinsic, extrinsic and achievement.
Role of teacher in addressing various factors influencing learning?a few strategies?cooperative learning, peer tutoring, collaborative learning.
Unit III: Learning Paradigms:
Behavioristic Learning?Concept of connectionism (Thorndike) and conditioning (Pavlov & Skinner) and their educational implications.
Cognitive Learning?Concept of Gestalt and its educational implications; Discovery learning (Bruner), Cognitive Constructivist Learning (Piaget)
Social Cognitive Learning?Concept (Bandura), nature and implications. Teacher as role model.
Social Constructivist Learning?Concept of Vygotsky, nature and implications.
Humanistic Viewpoint of Learning?Carl Rogers (Self Concept Theory)
Unit IV: Overview of theories of Transfer of learning:
Concept, Importance, Nature and Types of Transfer of Learning
Theories of Transfer of Learning
Methods of enhancing Transfer of Learning
Unit V: Organization of Learning Experiences: Issues and Concerns:
Role of school?Guidance, Mental health, Co-curricular activities.
Strategies for organizing learning for diverse learners?Brainstorming, Within class grouping, Remedial teaching, Enrichment programme.
?2nd Half: Teaching
Unit I: Understanding Teaching :
Teaching: Concepts, definition, nature and characteristics factors affecting teaching.
Relation between Teaching, Instruction and Training.
Maxims of teaching?Role of teacher in effective teaching.
Unit II: Models of Teaching:
Concept Attainment Model (CAM)
Advance Organizer Model (AOM)
Inquiry Training Model (ITM)
Unit III: Task of Teaching:
Task of teaching: meaning, definition and variables in teaching task.
Phases of teaching task: pre-active, inter-active and post-active.
Essentials of effective teaching.
Unit IV: Levels & Approaches of Teaching:
Levels of Teaching: memory, understanding and reflective levels of teaching
Approaches to Instruction: Constructivist approach to teaching, Cooperative and Group Discussion, Games, Debate, Quiz and Seminar.
